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AI crawler

An automated bot run by an AI company that fetches web pages to train models, build a search index, or answer a user's question in real time.

AI crawlers are how answer engines read the web. Most AI vendors now run more than one, and each does a different job. Treat them as one group in robots.txt and you'll eventually block the bot you actually wanted.

Three jobs, three kinds of bot

  • Training crawlers collect content that may be used to train future models. Examples: GPTBot from OpenAI and ClaudeBot from Anthropic.
  • Search crawlers build the index an assistant searches when it answers. Examples: OAI-SearchBot, PerplexityBot and Claude-SearchBot.
  • User-triggered fetchers visit a page because someone asked about it. Examples: ChatGPT-User, Perplexity-User and Claude-User. OpenAI and Perplexity say robots.txt may not apply to theirs, because a person started the request.

Google is the odd one out. Its AI features in Search rely on the regular Googlebot crawl, and Google-Extended is a robots.txt token rather than a separate crawler.

Why AI crawlers matter for AEO

An engine can't cite a page its search crawler never fetched. Blocking training bots is a legitimate business choice. Blocking search bots by accident is a visibility leak, and it's more common than it should be. The usual culprit isn't robots.txt at all. It's a firewall or CDN rule that challenges any bot it doesn't recognize.

Somewhere, right now, an AI is recommending your client's competitor.

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